ABSTRACT
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by hepatocyte injury and inflammatory cell infiltration, which has been linked to peripheral insulin resistance and increased levels of triglycerides in the liver. The purposes of this study were to establish a mouse model of NASH by feeding mice a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) and to demonstrate the anti-fibrotic effects of oleuropein, which has been shown to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, in this HFD-induced mouse model of NASH. C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: a regular diet group (Chow), a HFD group and an oleuropein-supplemented HFD group (OSD), which was fed a 0.05% OSD for 6 months. The effects of oleuropein in this model were evaluated using biochemical, histological and molecular markers. The expression levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)and collagen type I in the HFD and OSD groups were evaluated using real-time PCR and western blotting. The body weight, biochemical marker levels, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score, homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and leptin levels observed in the HFD group at 9 and 12 months were higher than those observed in the Chow group. The HOMA-IR and leptin levels in the OSD group were decreased compared with the HFD group. In addition, alpha-SMA and collagen type I expression were decreased by oleuropein treatment. We established a NASH model induced by HFD and demonstrated that this model exhibits the histopathological features of NASH progressing to fibrosis. Our results suggest that oleuropein may be pharmacologically useful in preventing the progression of steatohepatitis and fibrosis and may be a promising agent for the treatment of NASH in humans.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Actins/genetics , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Collagen Type I/genetics , Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects , Fatty Liver/drug therapy , Fibrosis/etiology , Iridoids/therapeutic use , Leptin/genetics , Liver/metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BLABSTRACT
Choledochal cysts in neonates and young infants take two forms: the choledochal cyst associated with biliary atresia (CCBA) and the choledochal cyst in the absence of biliary atresia (CC). Infants in both groups usually have similar clinical symptoms at presentation, but management and prognosis are different. While early portoenterostomy is required for CCBA, cyst excision with hepaticojejunostomy or choledochojejunostomy is usually performed for CC. The former shows a relatively poor prognosis, and the latter shows a better prognosis. Two infants who presented with clinical features of neonatal cholestasis, and clinically suspected to have choledochal cysts, were found on imaging studies and surgery to have extrahepatic bile duct atresia in association with choledochal cysts.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic , Biliary Atresia , Choledochal Cyst , Choledochostomy , Cholestasis , PrognosisABSTRACT
Subamniotic hematoms are rare placental pathological lesions resulting from the rupture of chorionic vessels near the cord insertion. Most subamniotic hematomas are found after birth and result from excessive traction on the umbilical cord at delivery. The development of these lesions has been rarely reported in utero. A case of a subamniotic hematoma was diagnosed by ultrasound at 7(+5) weeks of gestation. We describe the ultrasound features of a subamniotic hematoma and the differential diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Chorion , Diagnosis, Differential , Hematoma , Parturition , Placenta , Prenatal Diagnosis , Rupture , Traction , Ultrasonography , Umbilical CordABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the molecular basis for steroid-induced cataract and the specific aim was to investigate the potential effects of glucocorticoids on modulation of alpha-crystallin gene expression in lens epithelial cells. METHOD: Bovine lens epithelial explants, B-3 human lens epithelial cells, and alphaTN4 mouse lens epithelial cells were incubated in the absence or presence of dexamethasone. At the indicated time point, total cellular RNA was isolated and subjected to RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis to assess mRNA expression of alphaA- and alphaB-crystallin. RESULTS: The mRNA expression of alphaA-crystallin was drastically downregulated by treatment with dexamethasone in bovine, human, and mouse lens epithelial cells. The mRNA level of alphaA-crystallin was also decreased in response to hydrocortisone but not to estrogen. The stability of the alphaA-crystallin mRNA was decreased after dexamethasone treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the alteration of alphaA-crystallin gene expression by glucocorticoids may result in abnomal structure and differentiation of lens epithelial cells on steroid-induced cataract formation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , alpha-Crystallins , Blotting, Northern , Cataract , Dexamethasone , Epithelial Cells , Estrogens , Gene Expression , Glucocorticoids , Hydrocortisone , RNA , RNA, MessengerABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This research aims to measure the prevalence of panic attack among the internal patients who were referred to pulmonary function test and to ascertain the relationship of panic attack to the anxiety sensitivity and further to pulmonary function. METHODS: The research was conducted in a general hospital through the questionnaire survey. The patients completed the panic attack questionnaire(PAQ), Beck's anxiety inventory(BAI), and Trate anxiety inventory. RESULTS: Sixteen out of 55 case(29.1%) experienced panic attacks. The group who experienced the panic attack got significantly higher score in Beck's anxiety inventory and trate anxiety inventory than the group who didn't. But considering the result of pulmonary function test, there was no meaningful relationship between the pulmonary function and the panic attack. And it was the same in the Beck's anxiety inventory and trate anxiety inventory. CONCLUSION: The patients who were referred to pulmonary function test were more likely to suffer the panic attack. But few received the proper treatment. The panic attack had relation with the anxiety sensitivity, but no relation with the pulmonary function.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anxiety , Hospitals, General , Panic Disorder , Panic , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Respiratory Function TestsABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Classification , Risk Factors , Trophoblastic Neoplasms , TrophoblastsABSTRACT
The effects of several anesthetios (thiopental, ketamine, Innoyar) and muscle relaxants (succinylcholine and vecuronium) on IOP, blood pressures and pulse rates were studied in 60 Patients ranging in are 12 to 56 years. IOP was measured with the Schiotz tonometer. In addition to tonometric determinations, the blood pressures and pulse rates were recorded. The patients were divided into 4 groups: Thiopental-succinylcholine-intubation(Group 1) ; Ketamine-succinrlcholine-intubation (Group 2) ; Innovar-succitrlcholine-intubation (Group 3) and Thiopental-vecuronium-intubation (Group 4) . The results were as follows : 1) In group 1 and 4, IOP changes following thiopental(5 mg/kg) administration showed highly significant decreases(p0.05) and in group 2, IOP changes after 5 minute following succinylcholine administration shewed highly significant increases (p<0.01) . 3) In group 3, IOP changes after 5 minutes following Innovar (1 ml/15 kg) administration showed highly significant decreases (p<0.01) compared with the control value. 4) IOP changes after 1 minute of endotracheal intubation showed highly significant inc- reases (p<0.01) in all groups compared with the control value. 7) In group 4, IOP changes following vecuronium administration instead of succinylcholine showed highly significant decreases, but could not prevent the increases in IOP following endotracheal intubation. 6) In all groups, blood pressures and pulse rates showed highly significant increases after endotracheal intubation. 7) After succinylcholine administration, blood pressures showed aignificant increases in group 1 and highly significant increases in group 2. 8) In group 2, blood pressures showed highly significant increases after ketamine administration.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthetics , Blood Group Antigens , Heart Rate , Intraocular Pressure , Intubation, Intratracheal , Ketamine , Succinylcholine , Vecuronium BromideABSTRACT
Gastric cancer is the most prevalent gastrointestinal tract malignancy in Korea. By the time the patient hassymptoms, these tumors are usually advanced in stage. In high risk populations,screening such as double contrastUGI or gastric endoscopy is needed and patient with vague symptoms should be studied. However, these screeningshave high diagnostic accuracy rate, only CT scan can identify accurately abnormal stomach wall thickening andintraabdominal tumor extension. And CT is important for palnning of treatment, assessing surgical resectability,postoperative evaluation and prognostic implications. Author reviewed CT scan of 67 cases of confirmed gastriccancer by double contrast UGI or endoscopic biopsy, for 29 months from March 1983 to August 1985 at Department ofRadiology, Pusan National University Hospital. The results were as follows: 1. The most frequent site ofinvolvement of gastric cancer was gastric antrum in 49.9%(33/67). 2. By CT staging, stage 3 was 40.2%(27/67) andstage 4 was 38.8%(26/67). 3. In CT scan analysis, the structures involved by diect invasion were regional lymphnodes, pancrease, and gastrocolic ligament in order of frequency. The structures involved by distant metastaseswere liver, systemic lymph nodes, and mesentery in order of requency. 4. The diagnostic accuracy of CT staging was73.9%(17/23) by correlation of surgical and pathological findings. 5. In determination of stage by CT, the rate ofin accuracy of stage 2 was highest as 33%(2/6), and that of stage 3 was 29.2%(3/11). 6. Of all misdiagnoses,83.3%(5/6) was owing to failure to differentiate lymph node invasion from reactive hyperplasia of lymph node.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biopsy , Endoscopy , Gastrointestinal Tract , Hyperplasia , Korea , Ligaments , Liver , Lymph Nodes , Mesentery , Pancreas , Pancrelipase , Pyloric Antrum , Stomach , Stomach Neoplasms , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
A 46 year-old female patient underwent cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. During the preoperative preparation, pulmonary edema developed from fluid overloading in the early septic condition. Pulmonary edema contributed significantly to the acute respiratory failure, which played a major role in the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure. For this condition, early surgical intervention is most important. After preoperative evaluaion, the authors anesthetized the patient with Morphine, used Enfluane intermitently, along with pancronium and oxygen and used endotracheal semiclosed circle absorption techniques with CMV incorporated PEEP. PEEP level was 5cm H2O. Inspired oxygen fraction was 1.0. Arterial oxygen tension increased from 62 torr to 183 torr despite the overt pulmonary edema. A-aDO2 was greater than 480 mmHg during the anesthesia of 2 hrs 40 minutes. For further treatment of pulmonary edema and postoperative respiratory care, synchronized IMV with PEEP, along with conventional methods for pulmonary edema and sepsis, were used in the ICU. After 6 days of intensive care, the patient was transferred to the general ward in good cardiovascular and respiratory function.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Absorption , Anesthesia , Anesthesia, General , Cholecystectomy , Cholecystitis , Critical Care , Morphine , Multiple Organ Failure , Oxygen , Patients' Rooms , Pulmonary Edema , Respiratory Insufficiency , SepsisABSTRACT
Among the environmental pollutants, cadmium and lead compounds may impair human health. These compounds may inhibit the biological metabolic function of bum.an body and may furthermore cause the disease directly or indirectly. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the immune response by intoxication of cadmium chloride and chloride acetate. Cadmium chloride (8.8 mg/kg, in saline 10 ml) and lead acetate (15 mg/kg, in saline 10 ml) were administered by lntraperitoneal injection. After 3 weeks, the rats were intoxicated with the above chemicals and immunized with sheep RBC. After 4 weeks, the immune response of rat spleen cells was measured by the Jerne's technique. The results were obtained as follows; 1. There was no change in leukocyte counts by the intoxication of cadmium chloride or lead acetate. 2. Cadmium chloride or lead acetate reduced hemoglobin contents for most intoxicated and immunized groups. 3. Hematocrits were decreased by the intoxication of cadmium chloride or lead acetate significantly. 4. It was determined that total protein, A/G (Albumin/Globulin), alpha-, beta- and gamma-globulins in rat serum were not changed. 5. Intoxication by cadmium chloride or lead acetate reduced the number of hemolytic plaque to the sheep RBC in rat spleen cells. Therefore, antibody producing of rat spleen cells was suppressed by the intoxication of cadmium chloride and lead acetate.